China’s relentless efforts to combat desertification have yielded a remarkable innovation: a sand-fixing “beast” that is transforming barren landscapes into fertile ground. This article explores the challenges of desertification in China and the ingenious solutions being implemented, including this groundbreaking technology.
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Desertification poses a significant threat to China, with 2.6116 million km2, or 27.2% of the country’s landmass, classified as desertified. The vast Taklamakan, Gurbantunggut, Badain Jaran, and Tengger deserts, among others, contribute to this alarming statistic. These “dead zones” swallow everything in their path, impacting agriculture, livestock, and overall economic development.
Desertification in China. (Image: Sohu)
Desertification, exacerbated by both natural factors and human activities like overgrazing and deforestation, leads to soil erosion and loss of arable land. Eroded soil flows into rivers, such as the Yellow River, further compounding environmental problems.
Impact of desertification on agriculture and livestock in China. (Image: Sohu)
Since the 1950s, China has implemented various countermeasures, including traditional methods like planting trees. However, the harsh desert environment requires specialized approaches. Planting efforts typically begin at the desert’s edges, where groundwater is accessible, and focus on stabilizing the water table and soil before introducing larger plants.
The Innovative Approach: Straw Grids and the Sand-Fixing “Beast”
A unique method employed in China involves using straw grids to combat desertification. Sections of straw are strategically placed and pressed into the sand, creating a grid pattern that reduces wind erosion and retains moisture. This traditional method, while effective, is labor-intensive and physically demanding.
Straw grids used for desertification control. (Image: Sohu)
To address these challenges, a research team led by Liu Jin Hao of Beijing Forestry University developed a multi-functional vehicle in 2016. This “sand-fixing beast” automates the process of creating straw grids and planting saplings. The machine can plant 2,000 saplings per hour and cover 40 mu (approximately 6.6 acres) of desert daily, a 50-fold increase in efficiency compared to traditional methods.
The Sand-fixing "Beast". (Image: Sohu)
The “beast” efficiently prepares the straw, inserts it into the sand at precise depths and intervals, and even waters the saplings, significantly improving their survival rate. Its large capacity and continuous operation minimize labor costs.
Further upgrades have enhanced its adaptability to varied terrain, and research continues to develop a fully automated version for even harsher desert conditions. The machine can complete work in 3-6 months that previously took manual laborers a full year.
A Global Effort: China’s Commitment to Reforestation
China’s commitment to combating desertification extends beyond technological innovation. Policies such as the “Grass and Livestock Balance” initiative in Inner Mongolia aim to reduce grazing pressure and promote sustainable land management. The “Three-North Shelter Forest Program,” a massive reforestation project spanning decades, aims to create a “green wall” against desertification.
China's reforestation efforts. (Image: Sohu)
These multifaceted efforts, including artificial planting, aerial seeding, and protected areas, have yielded impressive results. China has reversed the trend of desertification, with both desertified and sandy land areas decreasing annually. Data from NASA satellites reveals that China contributed 25% of the world’s new green area between 2000 and 2017.
NASA satellite image showing China's contribution to global greening. (Image: Sohu)
The “sand-fixing beast” represents just one facet of China’s ongoing battle against desertification. Continued innovation and dedication to sustainable land management offer hope for transforming more barren landscapes into vibrant ecosystems.
